GNU (pronounced /ˈɡnuː/ ( listen)[2], or in some countries[which?] /ˈnjuː/[citation needed]) is a computer operating system An Operating System is an interface between hardware and user which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer that acts as a host for computing applications run on the machine. As a host, one of the purposes of an operating system is to handle the details of the operation of composed entirely of free software Free software, software libre or libre software is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction, or with minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can also do these things and that manufacturers of consumer-. Its name is a recursive acronym A recursive acronym is an abbreviation that refers to itself in the expression for which it stands. The term was first used in print in April 1986 for “GNU's not Unix!” This name was chosen because GNU's design is Unix-like A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification, but differs from Unix by being free software and containing no Unix Unix is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna. Today the term Unix is used to describe any operating system that conforms to Unix standards, meaning the core operating system operates the same code.[3] Development of GNU was initiated by Richard Stallman Richard Matthew Stallman , often abbreviated "rms", is an American software freedom activist, hacker, and software developer. In September 1983, he launched the GNU Project to create a free Unix-like operating system, and has been the project's lead architect and organizer. With the launch of the GNU Project, he started the free software and was the original focus of the Free Software Foundation The Free Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the free software movement, a copyleft-based movement which aims to promote the universal freedom to distribute and modify computer software. The FSF is incorporated in Massachusetts, USA (FSF).
GNU is developed by the GNU Project The GNU Project is a free software, mass collaboration project, announced on September 27, 1983, by Richard Stallman at MIT. It initiated the GNU operating system, software development for which began in January 1984. The founding goal of the project was, in the words of its initial announcement, to develop "a sufficient body of free software, and programs released under the auspices of the project are called GNU packages or GNU programs. The system's basic components include the GNU Compiler Collection The GNU Compiler Collection is a compiler system produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages. GCC is a key component of the GNU toolchain. As well as being the official compiler of the GNU operating system, GCC has been adopted as the standard compiler by most other modern Unix-like computer operating systems, including (GCC), the GNU Binary Utilities The GNU Binary Utilities, or binutils, is a collection of programming tools for the manipulation of object code in various object file formats. The current versions were originally written by programmers at Cygnus Solutions using the Binary File Descriptor library . They are typically used in conjunction with GNU Compiler Collection, make, and GDB (binutils), the bash Bash is a free software Unix shell written for the GNU Project. Its name is an acronym which stands for Bourne-again shell. The name is a pun on the name of the Bourne shell , an early and important Unix shell written by Stephen Bourne and distributed with Version 7 Unix circa 1978, and "born again". Bash was created in 1987 by Brian Fox shell, the GNU C library The GNU C Library, commonly known as glibc, is the C standard library released by the GNU Project. Originally written by the Free Software Foundation for the GNU operating system, the library's development has been overseen by a committee since 2001, with Ulrich Drepper from Red Hat as the lead contributor and maintainer (glibc), and GNU Core Utilities The GNU Core Utilities or coreutils is a package of GNU software containing many of the basic tools, such as cat, ls, and rm, needed for Unix-like operating systems. It is a combination of a number of earlier packages, including textutils, shellutils, and fileutils, along with some other miscellaneous utilities (coreutils).
GNU is in active development. Although nearly all components have been completed long ago and have been in production use for a decade or more, its official kernel In computing, the kernel is the central component of most computer operating systems. Its responsibilities include managing the system's resources . Usually as a basic component of an operating system, a kernel can provide the lowest-level abstraction layer for the resources (especially memory, processors and I/O devices) that application software, GNU Hurd GNU Hurd is a free software Unix-like replacement for the Unix kernel, released under the GNU General Public License. It has been under development since 1990 by the GNU Project of the Free Software Foundation. It consists of a set of protocols and server processes (or daemons, in Unix terminology) that run on top of the GNU Mach microkernel;, is incomplete and not all GNU components work with it.[citation needed] Thus, the third-party Linux kernel The Linux kernel is an operating system kernel used by the Linux family of Unix-like operating systems. It is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software is most commonly used instead. While this kernel has not been officially adopted by the GNU project, some third-party software is included, such as the X.Org release of the X Window System The X Window System is a computer software system and network protocol that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for networked computers, and was initially developed as part of Project Athena. It implements the X display protocol and provides windowing on raster graphics (bitmap) computer displays and manages keyboard and pointing device and the TeX TeX is a typesetting system designed and mostly written by Donald Knuth. Together with the METAFONT language for font description and the Computer Modern family of typefaces, it was designed with two main goals in mind: to allow anybody to produce high-quality books using a reasonable amount of effort, and to provide a system that would give the typesetting system. GNU applications and utilities are also widely used on other operating systems such as BSD Berkeley Software Distribution is the UNIX operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group of the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995 variants, Solaris Solaris is a UNIX-based operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1992 as the successor to SunOS and Mac OS X Mac OS X is a line of computer operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., and since 2002 has been included with all new Macintosh computer systems. It is the successor to Mac OS 9, the final release of the "classic" Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984.
The GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License is a widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU project (GPL), the GNU Lesser General Public License The GNU Lesser General Public License or LGPL is a free software license published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). It was designed as a compromise between the strong-copyleft GNU General Public License or GPL and permissive licenses such as the BSD licenses and the MIT License. The GNU Lesser General Public License was written in 1991 (and (LGPL), and the GNU Free Documentation License The GNU Free Documentation License is a copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU Project. It is similar to the GNU General Public License, giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license (GFDL) were written for GNU, but are also used by many unrelated projects.
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... Nokia is not intentionally breaking compatibility with real distros, choosing instead to bring you the unmatchable power of GNU /Linux on your phone. ...
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Bits unleashed The gnu world order
Roy Schestowitz
Fri, 21 Aug 2009 08:55:24 GM
Yet another analysis of Microsoft's relationship with Mono and . GNU. /Linux.
